INDUS CIVILIZATION (B.C. 3250 TO B.C.2750) தமிழில்
Earliest known urban culture of the Indian subcontinent and the most extensive of the world's three earliest civilizations.
It stretched from near the present-day Iran-Pakistan border on the Arabian Sea in the west to near Delhi in the east, and 500 mi (800 km) to the south and 1,000 mi (1,600 km) to the northeast.
Cities
It is known to have included two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjodaro (in what is now Pakistan), whose large size suggests centralization in two large states or one state with two capitals.
Alternatively, Harappa may have succeeded Mohenjo Daro.
Language
It was a literate civilization; the language has been tentatively identified as Dravidian.
Food
Wheat and barley were grown, many animals (including cats, dogs, and cattle) were domesticated, and cotton was cultivated.
Art
The best-known artifacts are seals depicting real and imaginary animals.
Destroyed
How and when the civilization came to an end is unclear;
Mohenjo Daro was attacked and destroyed in the mid-2nd millennium BC, but in the south there was continuity between the
Age
Indus civilization and the COPPER AGE civilizations of central and western India.
Cities
It is known to have included two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjodaro (in what is now Pakistan), whose large size suggests centralization in two large states or one state with two capitals.
Alternatively, Harappa may have succeeded Mohenjo Daro.
Language
It was a literate civilization; the language has been tentatively identified as Dravidian.
Food
Wheat and barley were grown, many animals (including cats, dogs, and cattle) were domesticated, and cotton was cultivated.
Art
The best-known artifacts are seals depicting real and imaginary animals.
Destroyed
How and when the civilization came to an end is unclear;
Mohenjo Daro was attacked and destroyed in the mid-2nd millennium BC, but in the south there was continuity between the
Age
Indus civilization and the COPPER AGE civilizations of central and western India.
Location
Ancient city on the bank of the Indus River, in present-day southern Pakistan.
Largest
At about 3 mi (5 km) in circuit, it was the largest city of the INDUS CIVILIZATION in the 3rd–2nd millennium BC, and it probably served as the capital of an extensive state.
It was fortified, and its citadel contained, according to archaeological finds, an elaborate bath, a granary, and two halls of assembly.
Important Ponits of Exam
1.Period:
B.C.3250 to B.C.2750 (5000 Years before culture)
2.Geographical Extend:
Covered Parts of punjab,sindh,Bluchisthan, Gujrat,Rajasthan
Kalibankan located Rajasthan
Banwali located Hissar
Lothal located Gujarat (Port)
Harrapa Located River bank of Ravi
Mohajendaro Located River bank of sindu
Now at Pakistan
3.Age:
Copper age is called as new bronze age
4.Town Planning Life: The towns were divided 2part Upper part citdatal and Lower part.
5.Economic Life:
Important Food: Wheat,barley
In Kalibangan,fields were ploughed with wooden ploughs
Rangpur: first Cultivated in Rice
6.Trade and commerce:
Bead making factory existed in chanhudaro and lothal. they items exported.
7.Religious Life:
8.Script
9:Political Organisation
10:Important Harrappan Sites:
11:End/Decay
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